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Bay 114a - The Parable of the Steward?
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(All images © Dr Stuart Whatling)
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![]() ![]() Index to the panels:
13-14 - A rich man appoints a steward
11 - Two men conversing (badly eroded)12 - Two men conversing 09 - Two men conversing 10 - Two men conversing 07 - Two men conversing over a sack of corn 08 - Two men conversing 05 - A man presenting a scroll (a bill?) to two others 06 - Two men conversing 03 - Unidentified scene (listening to a sermon?) 04 - Christ talking to two men (Apostles?) | ||
Overview: |
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This window and its neighbour (114b) are perhaps the most intractable of all the windows in Poitiers Cathedral;
not so much as a consequence of Huguenot iconoclasm but because of their obscure iconography. The absence of any nimbed
figures here except for Christ in panel 04 argues against it being hagiographic. The scene of a man handing
over a pair of large keys in the topmost panels has led some to assume this relates to the Life of St Peter, opening with
the donatio clavis - yet even the most cursory examination of panels 13-14 should make it obvious that this is not
Christ handing over the keys to Heaven but a secular nobleman handing his keys to a servant. In secular iconography, the
giving of keys typically denotes the handing over of responsibility for the management of one's household, or some similar
role (q.v. the appointment of Lubin as cellerer in bay 45 at Chartres) This detail, together with some
elements in the neighbouring window, lead me to suspect that both windows illustrate Christ's Parables. In
particular I think this one relates to the Parable of the Unjust Steward (Luke 16:1-12), partly because one or two of the
panels seem to fit that story quite well - and partly because the patristic author St Hilary of Poitiers wrote a well known
homily on the parable, which would have increased its profile to a local audience. Nevertheless, much about this window
is mysterious and may remain so.
It could be interesting to explore whether any later authors (and I'm thinking particularly about the 12th
century circle of Gilbert of Poitiers) wrote any commentaries on the Parables that might shed some light on the problem.
After the initial scene of keys being handed over come seven panels with the same basic structure (a nice visual example of
the rhetorical device of amplificatio). In each we find
a man in a red skull cap, usually seated (presumably the steward), who converses with a standing male figure, depicted differently
in each case (some of his master's debtors?). One of these men has an open sack of corn - the others have no distinctive
attributes. These panels may represent a rather prolix depiction of Luke 16:5-7, where the wily steward discounts each
man's debt, an explanation which also could also fit panel 05, where a man holds out a scroll which could be a tenant's accounts.
If panel 04 represents Christ recounting his parable (much like the famous 'visual incipit' in the Good Samaritan window at
Chartres), then this only leaves panel 03 - the
enigma at the end of the conundrum, as it were. The only possible explanation I can think of for this panel (and I must stress
this is purely idle speculation) is that it show the congregation listening to a homily on the parable, with three figures
paying careful attention while a fourth drives away the little devil sent to distract her. I am, of course, open to other
suggestion! As is so often the case, the loss of the final two panels in the original sequence has meant the loss of crucial
contextual information that might have made the meaning clear.
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